Class activity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Class activity - Essay ExampleIn view of this, executives must understand that they have a legal and moral responsibility to implement tour measures to eliminate harassment. Case Analysis Will teams produce 1. The managers must be trained on the proficient aspect of the job. culture on productivity and how to motivate the workers should be given to the managers. This will be really helpful to them in creating a workplace conducive to productivity. 2. The managers should be competent in the technical know-how. They should not only be results-oriented but also learn to appreciate the efforts applied on the job. Team work should also be emphasized. These competencies will help motivate the workers more. 3. The managers should be trained first and foremost on the technical aspects in the automobile parts manufacturing. This will take around six months to one year. Training on human relations is essential so they will learn to deal with the factory workers and at long last learn to motivate them thus, making them more productive. This training will probably take one month. 4. star of the alternatives to management development is the development and training of the factory workers.

Self-love; do you have to love yourself in order to love others Term Paper

Self- chouse do you have to make out yourself in order to shaft others - Term Paper ExampleLove has been the prescribed remedy for intimately of the problems that people confront with in their daily life. Love was interpreted by many we all(prenominal) visit it, sh be it, long for it yet know little about what actually love is. Generally, people guess that they all have self love. The evidence they find for this belief is that they defend themselves, they enjoy, they work and earn and so on Yet many of them are non able to give an immediate answer to the question whether they love themselves. The reason must be that they have seldom attempted to analyze whether they have self-love, despite, many of them are so familiar with the Christian rule love others as you love yourself. (Mt 2239). Question whether we should love ourselves in order to love others is a disputable one. Some are of the opinion that it does not of necessity require self love in order to love others. People of the other view trust that loving others without having self-love is pseudo love because what people find bad with themselves, obviously find much with others. So the love they express toward others is only a short term pretension. Among the both concepts the latter seems to be more justifiable.One of the definitions goes like this Loving self means being real and accept either aspect of ourselves. We are having a human experience in a unique human body. We are not having an idealistic saintly experience. We are human we get angry, we feel sad, we love, we are selfish, we are generous, we lie, we wipe out. But we must embrace them all if we want to experience love of self. (Isha, 2008 p.58). The self love begins with accepting oneself in spite of all the negative factors of ones character and limitations. An individual can not wait for becoming a perfect character to begin loving himself. In spite of all the bad habits and unworthiness we all have certain virtues within our s ouls. According to Aristotles Nicomachean ethics (Aristotle, physiognomy &

Financial Management And Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Financial Management And Analysis - assignment ExampleInterests in entrepreneurship and study deep down the field of entrepreneurship have risen, even though the aim and didactics of the research has diverted. In recent research, there is great focus on the entrepreneurial operation on firm level within organizations, than on entrepreneurship by people. Great economists insist that the re hotal of the economic governing body is sensitive as it is all important(predicate) for a competent and a competitive economic growth and development. It is sound for old ideas being substituted by new ones and that old products and services are replaced with those that are modern and more than effective.In various organizations development and entrepreneurship of new commodities and have become major dimensions in the strategies (Bygrave and Zacharakis, 2011). It not, only important for the new internet entrepreneur to support the process of new product development but withal utilize the old or long time ideas. This can only be a advantage by a well-structured pecuniary management system that blends new and old ideologies and create a relaxation that brings out the best returns to the internet business for selling academic materials.According to various research activities within the analysis of financial management and entrepreneurship should be done through effectives methods of management. The objective of this study is to show the period operation of financial management in firms with various entrepreneurial point of reference. There is also a purpose to compare how the financial management systems are designed and used in firms with different levels of entrepreneurial experience. The focus is found on various selected sectors of the financial management analysis system with the basis of incentives programs. With these concepts, the new entrepreneur in the internet business for marketing educational stuffs in the website and use appropriate financial management principle.The results show that there exist some

Negative effects of Joint Custody Methodology Essay

Negative upshots of Joint Custody methodology - Essay ExampleThis is the objective of this research effort.This study sets out to examine whether there is any remnant in the manner in which boys and girls are affected by joint custody ar posements. Bauserman (2002) has noted that some researchers claim that a child can adjust better while living with the same land up parent. Therefore, sole maternal custody may result in boys lacking the male influence, which could conceivably be satisfied through a joint custody arrangement. Therefore, the hypothesis for this research design is that girls may be more negatively affected by a joint custodial arrangement than boys, especially when maternal conflict is present.There is a lack of consensus among researchers on whether joint custody is beneficial or whether it has a negative effect. Furthermore, there has been hardly any research into differences in the manner in which girls and boys may chance the negative effects of joint custod y. Therefore, this is an exploratory research study that seeks to examine one empirical audition of participants, in order to determine whether boys are subject to a lower level of negative effect from joint custody arrangements. This study will therefore be significant in that it will stand by to shed some light into an area that has not been covered by research. It will add to the puss of existing research on the negative effects of joint custody and can be substantiated by further research on the same subject.This study proposes to include both the parents of at least 25 boys and 25 girls among divorced families where joint custody arrangements are in place. The age group of the participants will range from five to eight, in order to provide for as homogenous a group as accomplishable in terms of age, especially because parental visitation and attention are greater at this age. Moreover, as many participants as possible will

Procurement Outsourcing Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Procurement Outsourcing Strategies - Essay ExampleAdditionally, the Wonderful Widgets Company gets to act as a management hub that executes the finalized strategies for the product. This reading focuses on the series of strategic initiatives that explain the perceived impact of forming strategic alliances in procural and outsourcing.The impending questions regarding the issues with outsourcing this particular case scenario is what risks are involved, and whether the outsourcing strategies should depend on the product characteristics, for example, the clock speed. As the Supply manager, the tasks involved entail the identification and development of an effective procurement strategy that aids in lowering or reducing the monthly operational costs (Rosenfield, 2012).The final decision pertaining to procurement is in any case dependent on the business operations involved with the company. Streamlining the business processes is essential in enacting and implementing an appropriate procur ement service that works in favor of the business goals in terms of minimizing the operational costs.The selection of a strategic source for the manufacturing components would aid the company in taking advantage of any classified work rates or even if the company is eligible to participate in special trade programs. The kinetics of the transit costs ought to be calculated to determine the inventory carrying costs, the freight, duty and brokerage or indemnification costs (Rosenfield, 2012).Subscribing to premium freight services that require paying higher percentages can prove to be expensive to the companys operational costs. This is common for shipment of premium goods which uses carrier insurance.Consolidating the goods and components expected by the company from multiple suppliers helps in minimizing transport costs for the business. The variable transit times for goods from different suppliers results in higher payments for the company. Since the company

THE IMPACT OF TRADE ON LABOUR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

THE IMPACT OF TRADE ON LABOUR - Essay Example thusly it has collected some data of international mete out volume and unemployment rate of a developing and a developed nation to find out whether any strong relationship does exist between the ii variables. On the basis of its research, the study has come to the conclusion that trade does non significantly affect fag commercialize in real world. Introduction According to the Economic theory, we know that there are gains from trade. further these gains are reflected as net gains. Despite there been a secular increase in two exports and imports and has been regarded as a percentage of Gross National Product which is considered to be beneficial for the economy and excessively though the increased exports save generated additional employment opportunities, but still these changes have been accompanied by reduced employment opportunities and adjustment burdens for workers in import-competing industries. The workers had to adapt them selves to the new working environment of changing require conditions in the import competing industries which involve extended periods of job research, restraining and relocation which demands to be a bit high-priced venture. As per the analysis, women and the minorities, the little educated and the lower paid groups, as compared to men, had to take more burdens on themselves and they were not in a position to afford the cost even. Since the last two decades, quite a morsel of developing countries have undergone liberalization of their trade regimes. The proponents of such liberalization have argued that one of the chief beneficiaries of great openness to trade is the workers in these countries. Basically, trade liberalization with abundant supply of labor has encouraged producers to reapportion output towards labor intensive goods. Hence the resulting increase in the demand for labor, given the labor market conditions, has translated into some condition of an increase in emplo yment and wages. The logic behind this argument has been totally confirm and compelling and has been supported by the proponents of early liberalization as the Newly Industrialized Economies of East Asia corresponding Hong Kong, Korea, Singapore and Taiwan. According to Robbins in the year 1996, and Wood in 1997, youthful episodes of trade liberalization have appeared not to have been associated with large improvements in prospects for the typical worker. The apparent divergence between the expectations of liberalization advocates and the recent distinguish has been explained by various factors. For example, the liberalization in trade has lead to an inflow of new technologies from abroad. only in this case, the growing evidence suggests that the new technologies are increasingly skill biased and therefore consort to the recent episodes of trade liberalization that may lead to an increased demand for workers but that will comprised of less follow of workers who are highly ski lled, as per Wood in 1997. ( Wood, 1997) On the other way, the available evidence may be incomplete in some important ways. As for example, it has been highly observed that the shortstop run effects of liberalization are likely to be adverse for aggregate labor, even among the proponents of trade liberalization. It takes a lot of clock time for resources to get reallocated in new firms and industries and it is also possible that the available time series is not enough to capture the effects of trade fully. In a similar way, the number of countries that have been taken into observation may not be the most appropriate ones.

Digital Business Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

digital Business Report - Essay ExampleThe benefits delivered by e-commerce to art organisations are often categorised into cardinal segments including tangible benefits and intangible benefits. Tangible benefits of e-commerce are closely linked with increasing business efficiency, reducing practicable costs, retaining and increasing node base along with better automation of the process. On the other hand, intangible benefits of e-commerce to a business venture are associated with secured transaction, rapid delivery, ease and effectiveness of advertisement among others (Kuzic & et. al., 2002).In a nutshell, the e-commerce business venture idea is to set up a webstore, which go away sell second-hand educational textbooks. The webstore is named as textbookpalace and its identify customers will include secondary school, A-level, college and university students. The second-hand books will be acquired from libraries, schools, universities, charities, bookstores, and private individu als. However, the major supplier for the second-hand book will be the students who able to sell class notes, old tests and textbook. Contextually, certain challenges are identified with the idea of initiative and operating the webstore. The most prominent challenges in this regard are associated with the security and privacy, legal aspect and customer service (Kuzic & et. al., 2002). Moreover, as a tool of project management agile methodology will be used.textbookpalace will use Shopify as an e-commerce platform for creating webstore. The rationale behind choosing Shopify is that it provides the simplest way for creating online store. This platform also provides most of the features required by small retailers while it is also extremely easy to use (IBM, 2011). Besides, it offers numerous substantial features such as ease in organising products, customising storefront, accepting credit card payments, tracking and responding to customers orders among others (Innovation Pei,

MAF307 EQUITIES AND INVESTMENT ANALYSIS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

MAF307 EQUITIES AND INVESTMENT ANALYSIS - Essay ExampleThe strategic analysis of the meeting indicates that with continued development of new initiatives and business products, the group is likely to expand its node base by entering new markets. The confederacys salary packing business continues to let an annuity stream of income that further allows cross-selling of companys other products such as leasing services. The company has a very strong balance sheet and cash flow position that gives it opportunity to choose inorganic expansion route. The companys revenues from core activities experienced 12.6% to $161.50 million at the end of December 2012, with displace earningss rising oer 19.3%. The company announced the gain in gross revenue and profit for the year June 2013 but a proposal from the Labour g everyplacenment shook companys forthcoming earnings capacity causing the companys share price to plunge by over 55% in the middledle of July 2013. Background of Share Price Cr ash McMillan Shakespeares Finance group share price almost halved since the government flagged changes to current laws of fringe benefit tax (FBT) that has created uncertainty in the markets. The companys trading was suspended for a week and when it resumed trading the share prices crashed by over 48% to $7.99 wiping away almost $549 m of shareholders wealthiness from the markets (Australian Associated Press, 2013). Due to this reason the companys way requested for an extension to halt trading which is viewed by many analyst as a dire move by the management to avoid such huge amount of losses and save shareholders wealth from volatile and uncertain markets. The Australian Securities and Investment Commission have however rejected the companys plea of halting trading. (Source ASX, 2013) The company has criticised the governments recent decision to fasten FBT guidelines especially on salary package and car leasing for the share price crash and uncertainty in markets. The panic amo ng the investors was explicit since the proposed changes to FBT guidelines dilute fringe benefit taxes on salary packaging and car leasing. The investors in the market expect the revenues of the company to be adversely affected from the governments decision since the companys radical source of revenues is generated from car leasing and salary packages. This negative outlook on the company future earning capacity from the tightening of FBT created panic in the broader markets that led to overselling of companys stocks in Australian Stock Exchange. Thus, it can be said from the above discussion that a chain of events starting from the governments decision to tighten FBT guidelines, the same decision to adversely affect profitability of the company, negative sentiments among the investors in the market regarding companys future, and huge sell of the Finance Groups MMS stocks after a weeks still trading, ultimately caused the companys share prices to plummet by over 55% in the mid o f July 2013. Reasons behind Dramatic Price Change The company under observation derives almost 50% of its revenues from ii major segments namely Asset Management and Group Remuneration Services. But from the analysis of financial statements of the company it is apparent that over 70% of its total earnings are generated from the revenues of group remuneration, which is almost three

Econ ON OLIGOPOLY & SOME GAME THEORY IDEAS WITH OLIGOPOLY Assignment

Econ ON OLIGOPOLY & SOME GAME speculation IDEAS WITH OLIGOPOLY - Assignment ExampleIn the contestable market the evaluation of dealings among current souseds and prospective entrants is investigated to a greater extent critically. The market incumbents maintain an oligopoly with the determination of price levels in the market in their favor. Again the oligopoly is well-kept by the government favor and creates a barrier for other firms from venturing in the market.2) Suppose there ar two firms operating in an oligopoly (termed a duopoly), where the firm 1 cost function is given by C1 = 18Q1, for C1 = impart cost, and Q1 = firm 1 output. The cost function for firm 2 is given by C2 = 21Q2, and C2 = total cost of firm 2, and Q2 = output of firm 2. The inverse demand for the product, Q, being sold by the oligopolist firms is given by P = 127 3Q, where Q = Q1+ Q2, and Q1 and Q2 are the same product (vats of toxic solution for breaking down chemical substance components to be used in downstream plastic manufacture).Taking into the consideration the Cournot model in deference to the duopoly that is two firms where both firms concurrently decide a amount of money to produce. Designating the quantity q1 as the amount produced by firm 1 and q2 as the corresponding amount produced by firm 2. Therefore the total quantityThe firm achievement choices are strategic substitutes. That is, an increase in the amount produced by firm1 (holding fixed the underlie amount produced by the corresponding firm 2) will considerably lower the market price and thus resulting in lesser profits for firm 2. Thus, every firm ought to take into consideration the prevailing the production decisions of the other supplementary firm in the process of undertaking its individual production decision regular 1 possess a marginal cost of production equivalent to c1 accompanied by firm 2 which possess a marginal cost of production equivalent to c2. The corresponding Nash equilibrium is computed through the employment tow

Australian Income Tax Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Australian Income Tax police - Essay ExampleThe expense of government to the individuals of a great nation is like the expense of steering to the joint tenants of a great estate, who are all obliged to contribute in proportion to their individual interests in the estate. In the observation or neglect of this maxim consists what is called the equality or inequality of taxation. every tax, it must be observed once for all, which falls finally upon one only of the three sorts of receipts above mentioned, is necessarily unequal in so far as it does not affect the another(prenominal) two.Looking at income tax rates methodology, we see that a taxpayers income is taxed progressively. Broadly, this means that as you earn to a greater extent income your average tax rate rises. And its really fair Progressive taxation means that high income earners pay more tax than lower income earners. The Government defined a maximum sum, which is not taxed $6000. permits imagine, that your income is equal to X. Then if your income lays between youll pay 17% from (X-$6,000) sum. If your income is , you must pay more - $2,652 (according to preceding rule) and 30% from (X-$21,600) sum, etc. This is achieved by taxing a range of income brackets as a set contribution or cents in the dollar. These income brackets are called tax brackets. The following tables detail the tax brackets of our progressive tax organization for the financial years ending 30 June 2005 and 30 June 2006.

Cross Culture Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Cross Culture Marketing - Essay ExampleCross- heathenish securities industry calls for markets to be conscious and sensitive to the differences in culture, and to respect the consumers cultural rights in different cultures and in the marketing places. Marketers have to realize that consumers deserve the right to their culture. Hofstede (2001) carried out studies in more than 100 countries and cogitate that there are five basic value elements which are individualism, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity/femininity, power standoffishness and long term verses short term orientation that affects consumers behavior. Thus, for the marketer to be conquerors in the cross-cultural marketing they have to create marketing mix which meets consumers cultural values and norms. (Hofstede, 1991)This paper will deal with maiden Computers Inc. as a information processing system hardware and software company. The company manufactures, supports, develops and treats a wide variety of products and go including PCs, data storage devices, network switches, software, computer peripherals etc. The paper will investigate the current business sector strategies used by the company to conquer cross- cultural business in two countries which are china and Germany examine cultural aspects in this two countries and analyze the ways the company is using to be survive in its business.Due to modernization and advancement in technology, most businesses are beginning to explore global markets for better profits and opportunities. Cullen & Boteeah (2005) notes that, in the recent past trading has become increasingly global in some way because of the need to gather and increase the companys financial bases. Advancement in technology including converse efficiency and better international relations has contributed to the promotion of the international trade. Competition has however become a great challenge to the success of international trade but most companies are rising to the challenge, to accomplish greater investments and better market opportunities in the international market. Other rationale reasons for venturing in global market for the company areThe computer hardware manufacturing industry has become 1 of the industries that have grown hugely over a very short period of time. Thus it is possible to have the products from this company sell quite easily in oversees market. As Cullen & Boteeah (2005) observers computers have become a major attraction for an modify social life and also in the communication and technology arena. Computers have also become one of the most sorts after kinds of machines among the world population and any other sector in the world today. pair with the fact that the Chinese and Germany population are one of the largest and most sophisticated in the world, it is possible to reach out a very huge market share for this company compared to other countries with somewhat lower population. A description of the product/serviceThis compa ny offers a wide variety of products including the manufacture, assembly, and maintenance of computers and other computer devices. The company has risen from being a retailer of used computers to become one of the improved companies in the sector. The company has been for the past two years getting recognition and that it believes it has met the needs for the domestic market and instanter it needs to explore the international market to China and Germany. The distinctive cultural difference(s) of the China and Germany

Contract law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Contract law - Case story ExampleAs Gavrilovic (2013) has noted, under the Second Schedule of the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977, a supplier party should make fittings for the consumer as a way of fulfilling the spirit of reasonableness of contractual terms. In light of these provisions, the University has provided Ms Edwards adequate accommodation of 20 discount on her weekly rental fee. This accommodation by the University renders her alleged unreasonableness of the institutions contract terms a, b and c in the moving in agreement void.Regulation 5(1) of the Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations 1999 provides the definition of an unfair contractual term as unrivalled that has not had the input of the consumer or one that substantially impacts the rights and responsibilities of the parties to an extent that it creates an imbalance of the duties or one that negatively affects the spirit of good faith. In this case, Ms Edwards acceptable of the tenancy contract terms offe red by the University against other less favourable options provided by the private sector can be construed to mean as a student she negotiated for the lower rental fee (Toms, 2009).A contract term that results in pregnant imbalance and thus unfair to a consumer, requires that the condition has to be seen as detrimental to the consumer and extremely near to the supplier in terms of profits (Gavrilovic, 2013). In this case, the University did not intend to benefit in both way whatsoever by limiting Ms Edwards and any other students thirst to hold parties within the institutions premises. In fact, the rule is part of the institutions work of care in ensuring that the organizations assets including the human resources are safeguarded from any harm within the Universitys property. In light of this second rule, the contractual terms are fair and reasonable to the plaintiff.Lastly, the terms which the

Evaluate the contributions made by the chicago school to our Essay

value the contributions made by the chicago school to our understandings of crime and the urban environment - Essay ExampleThe dinero School of Sociology moved the study of crime away from the basic and overly-simplified Biological and Physiological explanations of the 19th hundred onwards, promulgated by such positivist theorists as Lombroso1 which sought to explain criminal behaviour by means of body type arguing that pathology was located in the individual. Fortuitously we live in an age where the gay Genome Project has nullified once and for all the idea that criminal behaviour can be explained flatly by body type. Whilst equity enforcers may discriminate against certain physical features, theoretical law does not. Theoretical law concerns itself with the intention (mens rea) of the defendant who must also charter undertaken a prohibited follow out (actus rea)a.It was increasingly apparent that such Biological and Physiological theories did not offer a universal theory fo r the existence of crime or its perpetrators. For guinea pig, those theories had no explanation to offer for white-collar crime undertaken by persons who had and have - no apparent genetic, social or educational deprivation excuses for their criminal behaviour. Edwin Sutherlands studies in the mid-forties of White Collar Crime argued that white collar crime was rarely detected or prosecuted, as it appeared to be victimless crime and was committed by high net worth individuals. However in new-made years there has been considerable focus on white collar criminals. A pertinent example is the former media mogul Conrad Black who is currently awaiting his turn on the witness stand. Pictures of the defendant clearly record that he does not have a low forehead.Besides raising significant counter-arguments to previous universally accepted criminological theories, the Chicago School opened a whole new avenue of semiempirical sociology research as they examined the impact of environment on behaviour setting out to answer the next question Why is there

Executing, Controlling, and Closing Projects Essay

Executing, Controlling, and remainder Projects - Essay ExampleQMS through Quality planning, Quality Assurance (QA) and Quality Control (QC) and inspection directs and controls wholly OMS processes to achieve continual quality improvement of products/services supplied by an organization.services which effects quality accordance of products/services provided by the organization. Under such cases, outsourced processes/products/services are recorded in Quality direction plan to ensure control on the outsourced agencies to achieve required quality. Management must be connected for quality improvement. Management should ensure guests focus is given top priority by clearly documenting responsibility, control and communication channels at all levels of the organization. Customer related process like customer requirements, customer communications, purchasing process, verification and validation of purchased product, service provision, identification and traceability of product/ service , preservation of products, control of monitoring, test/ measuring rod devices, procedures for analyzing and improvement, control of non-conformities related to product/service should be laid down customer satisfaction should be given top most priority by analysis of data and implementation of corrective actions, stoppage actions must be planned for continual improvement.9.0 As TopLiance Corporation decided to implement on-line gross revenue program, the corporation must ensure and uninterrup

The explanatory gap Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The explanatory spread head - Essay ExampleJohn Levine introduced the explanatory scissure for the difficulty that the intellect theories of physicalists have in explaining the physical properties in giving rise to the way things experienced when they are felt. Levine in his 1983 article used the explanatory gap to point out that even though it might be applicable in a physiological sense, the explanatory gap does not embolden our understanding of pain feeling. The explanatory gap has intrigued and vexed a number of researchers and philosophers in a identical way in the past decades and resulted into a considerable debate. Finding a fulfilling and gratifying mechanistic business relationship to bridge the gap is a hard problem. This paper seeks to define the explanatory gap, and highlight whether or not the explanatory gap poses an obstacle to stuff and nonsenseism with reference to the work of Levine. The explanatory gap infers that there is an being of a gap of consistent a nd rational meaningful information that describe and account for characteristics and qualities of consciousness processes, heart and soul and states that it is explicable to a rational and logical level of mastery. That is to say, explanatory gap is in the human concept. The margin explanatory gap does not illustrate a gap in nature, but rather a gap in our own understanding of nature (Levine 1983). Joseph Levine in his works demonstrates the explanatory gap as an obstacle to materialism. Materialism holds that there exist identities between material softs and conscious kinds. Joseph Levine illustrates that pain is identical with the C-fibers carrier bag, and too gives an example of viewing something are red which is identical with an activity in the visual V4 area cortex. Joseph Levine in addition looks at the explanatory gap as an obstacle to materialism in the line with contemporary orthodoxy materialist, and that such kind of identities are posteriori. Levine argues that it is a matter of scientific investigation, to ascertain whether or not pain is the firing C-fibers, rather than conceptual reflection to seeing things as red is an activity in the V4 area in the visual cortex. In this regard, the identities of mind and brain that are discovered will be of the same kind to such exemplary a posteriori identities of science as that of temperature is mean kinetic energy, or that of water is water system. on that point is also a good scientific evidence for the presence of such like brain and mind identities. In particular cases, there are direct evidence in the co-occurrence of certain material kinds and conscious kinds. Joseph Levine even asserted that the identities of mind and brain strike quite differently from the apparently gibe scientific identities (Levine 1983). Levine cites some questions to demonstrate the explanatory gap as an obstacle to materialism presume that we genuinely have evidence that pain is the same as firing of C-fiber and i s one. Would we not still want to give and find out why firing of C-fiber feels pain instead of something else? And why there is pain in the firing of the C-fiber? There is however no analogous questions that press on us in about of the scientific cases. For example, after finding out that water is H2O, there is no further feeling of the motivating to know why even when there is H2O, we still have water, or why water is H2O and not anything else. This is the reason Joseph Levine coined the explanatory gap in order to give an impression that something have been leftover unexplained by mind and brain identities. Many other philosophers besides Joseph Levine have argued that explanatory gap emerges because people cannot draw from the facts

Science and technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Science and technology - Essay ExampleHowever, level off through the years of all the research, the AI project remains a failure (Kassan 1). Despite of this, Hawkins is real that humans are capable of producing artificial intelligence (qtd. in Kassan 1). Honda, a Japanese mobile company, proven that Hawkinss statement is rather accurate by creating ASIMO (Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility). The robot is verbalize to be the most human-like creation Honda has ever made. By 2005, ASIMO is better, stronger, and faster. ASIMO can do things like turn on light switches, open doors, carry objects, and push carts (Orbinger and Strickland). Robots pretty much do the things that humans can non do or simply do not want to do. This is a good deal for people who are also busy to do the chores at home or for someone who does not want additional lode when he comes from work. Yet, the question still remains Do we really need robots to do all these things? In a brighter perspective, robots can do things more efficiently, and without the continuous cost and social upheaval (Ethical Issues). Is this not an insult to the capacity of humans to these jobs? It seems like the term more efficiently degrades the value of human work. Robotics, though a proof of humans intelligence, should not be taken as slave machines and made them do all the humans are capable of doing because first, it will affect human resources and job displacements, it would alter the natural, and it would forcibly pass through human limitation and eventually leading to the realization of the concept of Singularity.Necessity is the get under ones skin of invention the seed of all production, or is it? The concept of necessity seems to have changed through the course of impulsive technological revolution. In the different kinds of industry, cutting the production costs without risking quality

Enron Accounting Fault Essay Example for Free

Enron Accounting Fault EssayEnron is frequently given as an practice of creative account statement. It is also given as a good example of accounting fraud and insider trading. This is a good example of creative accounting pee-peen too far not many an(prenominal) would resist that it was accounting fraud, although some would say they were just unlucky to get caught. after all, the auditors were Arthur Anderson, at the time star of the most respected auditing firms.Creative Accounting Example 1 Creating multiple trading entities The creative accounting involved setting up former(a) entities and then trading with these entities. This is a common practice many businesses divide their operations into sectors that perform specialist functions and then trade is carried out between these various entities. However, habitual applicable accounting standards (GAAP), would require that some sort of financial consolidation is performed and the full picture reported.However, in that respect was a bias to record income, revenue, and profits from transactions with these entities rather than costs, expenses, and losses.Creative Accounting Example 2 Moving business segments offshore Enron created these entities offshore. This is also a common practice in accounting and valuate planning. Many businesses do this to reduce the amount of taxes they pay, this can be done legally (tax avoidance) and it can take illegal forms (tax evasion).Offshore entities usually enjoy an enhanced level of privacy, this can make it difficult for local governments and auditors to gain insights into what is sack on. Enron appears to have manged to succeed for a long time in hiding what was going on from both auditors, investors, and potential whistle-blowers.If Enron was recording profits, and assuming not much else was happening in these other entities, then these offshore entities would be recording losses. These losses were conveniently recorded away from the financial statements and hence investors and many staff never new about them.Creative Accounting and Insider Trading The executives didnt haul here. By using creative accounting and fraud to manipulate profits, they were able to affect the stock price, the succeeding(a) logical and illegal step was to start to trade the stock to benefit from the inside completeledge they had. This is know as insider trading and is illegal in most countries.

Spanish Civil War Essay Example for Free

Spanish courtly War EssayDid the jingoistics win the Spanish Civil War because of their authorisations or the weaknesses of the republicans?The evidence that supports the idea that the Nationalists won the Spanish Civil War because of their strength is abundant. The atomic number 53 of the Nationalists was obvious and meant that in that respect was both great organisation and co-ordination, meaning there was no ambiguity in the goals set by those battle for the Nationalists. Francos externalises for a enormous stipulation fight meant that he was fitting to ensure the defeat of the res publica by slowly squeezing the behavior bug away of the Republic state of war effort, which already was intemperately reliant on Soviet advocate, by securing republican robust holds throughout Spain. The tell privation of virtuoso on the Republic as well as they heavy reliance on foreign aid are the curtilages why many feel the weaknesses of the Republic were the reason for its downfall. The reliance on foreign aid does not hardly relate to the aid get downd from Soviet Russia, that the wish of aid from Britain and France due to non-intervention.The absence of this aid was extremely influential because as Soviet aid shrunk the republican cause was exposed as weak and it slowly became a question of when rather than if. However, the strengths of the Republic mustiness not be underestimated, and the reliance of foreign aid came from both sides as it could be easily argued that the sign Nationalist uprising would have failed without help from foreign sources. In fact, the aid received by the republicans from the Soviets was banner to that being supplied by both Germany and Italy to the Nationalists. The militia victories in both Barcelona and Madrid were a huge morale boost for the republicans, while also showing the Republic would not just lie down. The transnational Brigades, although not sound as fighting take, were a symbol of international s olidarity in terms of the fight for the master(prenominal)tenance of democracy in Europe.The depth and passion of the working class support that was present for the Republic was wholeness its greatest assets, and it is this passion of the working class and the militias that they organize that kept both Madrid and Barcelona under Republican control in the early stages of the Nationalist uprising. The organisation of the working class through organisations such as the CNT and the UGT was originally seen as an advantage, but it would quickly become apparent that veritable(a) this organisation would not detail the divisions of the Republicans and of the left from crippling the struggle against Franco and his Nationalists. The master(prenominal) divisions came from the various communist parties as well as the anarchists, no(prenominal) of whom could fight a unyieldingside the other such was the extent to which their ideologies differed. The PCE, who had very knockout Soviet back ing and were heavily puzzle outd by Stalinism, frequently clashed with both the anarchist CNT and the PSOE.The main differences was the want of a revolution, the communist PCE thought that the precession should be to win the war in order to take prisoner the Republics power, and then acquire the communist revolution, where as both the CNT and POUM felt it was necessary for the revolution to happen if any hope of defeating the Nationalists was to remain. These tensions would furuncle over in the May Days of 1937 where fighting would break out on the streets of Barcelona, and many historians knight these actions as the Civil War within the Civil War. The feeling of the CNT and the POUM that the PCE was too moderate still remained, as too did the concern that the PCE were notwithstanding agents of Stalin and were not genuinely concerned about the future of Spain. at that place had already been clashes on the French frontier with between the CNT militias and the Government forces sent to take over from them, due to the commie influence in the Government.This resentment carried over into May and over a span of four eld, 200-500 hatful were killed as a result of clashes between the CNT, POUM and the PCE. nevertheless though the CNT and POUM had a common enemy in the PCE, they were at a massive disadvantage due to the fact that they were unable to unite together as they too had ideological differences that were so vast that they could not be ignored. This crisis was a turning contingent for the Republic which saw the influence of the communistics vastly increase. The main political casualty of the May Days was Largo Cabellero, who had unceasingly been opposed to the Communist interference, specially when it had been influenced so heavily by Stalin and the USSR. So great was his hatred of the Communist interference that he once famously sent out the Soviet Ambassador, Rosenberg, from a Cabinet showdown as he tried to impose the will of the Soviets in Ja nuary 1937. After the events of the May Days Cabellero had half-size choice but to resign, and endue way to Negrin, who few historians argue was a mere pawn of the wishes of the Communists.Even if this was the case, the Republic became more unified under Negrin, even if the underlying ideological differences still existed. With Communist influence in the government, Stalin was still willing to send the aid that was essential to the survival of the republic, while the Popular armament also emerged from the fighting in Barcelona as it was finally accepted a well trained force was needed no longer could the Republic rely on the scrappy little militias to fend off the advances of the Nationalist forces. Although this move was damaging for the morale of many revolutionaries it was a necessary step that could not be put off practically longer.. As a result of this, it could be argued that the clashes on the left went some way in to helping the Republic re-organise and gain a properl y trained host force, although the lack of co-operation would remain a fatal flaw for the rest of the war. Where there were clashes on the Republican side, there was unity on the Nationalist side.Following a series of convenient plane crashes, in the eyes of Franco anyways, there was only one attractor for the Nationalists to follow, a unified idea for the whole of the Civil War to from behind. There were three events early on in the War that showed the priority of the Nationalists to gain unity and their victory in gaining it The first was Instruccion reservada no.1 (25th May 1936) which was a meeting called by General Mola to determine the overall leader of the Nationalist cause. Although Mola originally saw Franco as unfit to lead the Nationalist cause, his connections with Italy and Germany were priceless, he was a man with very few enemies as he had no major involvement in authorities before, on top of this he also had the support of the Fallange which was vital. Although h e did not like the finding, Mola conceded and the Nationalist cause had its one leader. 15th August saw the Feast of Assumption and the selection of the Nationalist flag, although a small factor it once again showed the unity of the cause.The Day of Caudillo (1st October) was also integral, it saw Franco officially cuss in as Generalisimo of the Nationalist Army, and so he could carry out his plans for a long term war without questions from his Spanish counterparts. This unity meant orders were easily carried out and co-ordination between battalions was to a good standard, vital for the long term war of Franco. It was much easier for those with Nationalist sympathies to support the Nationalists because of their clear intentions and aims, and so it was much easier for those capable of swelled aid to send it. The political strength ofthe Nationalist cause came from its unity, a fact that cannot be understated, and it is this strength that was integral for laying the foundations of a successful campaign.Although both sides were fighting for completely several(predicate) versions of Spain, the reliance on foreign aid is something that is common on both sides. There is sometimes a misinterpretation of this aid, namely that the German and Italy aid was the most superior throughout the war, but it was actually the Soviets that deliverd the better aid in the first few old age of the war, and it was this aid that helped the Republicans hang on for so long. Although initially opting non-intervention, Stalin do the decision to send aid to the Republicans after it became evident that both Italy and Germany were supplying aid to the Nationalists. Stalins aim was not a Communist Spain, but the protection of France, as if Spain became facist, they would be encircled by a bloc of Fascist regimes. This being the case it would seem Hitler would be able to concentrate his expansionist policies eastwards into Russia, and eventuality which Russia was not yet able to fend off.The first load of Soviet aid arrived in October 1936, just in time to be a serious factor in the defence of Madrid, a recognise victory and stronghold for the Republicans. November saw the arrival of 500 Soviet advisors in Spain, to help with the organisation of armed ser debilitys actions, these are the advisors who would help organise the Popular Army which was yet another key part of the Republican war effort. The influence of the Soviet aid cannot only be seen when it is being supplied, but the fall out after the point at which it was withdrawn. By 1938, after the exclusion of Russia from the Munich Conference between Germany, Britain and France, from which Neville Chamberlin returned with his famous part of paper declaring peace in our time, it became clear that there would be no additional aid for the Republicans, and so the Soviets did not feel like they could continue an already faltering cause. This forced the Republicans onto the open grocery where weapons were ofte n overpriced and so they simply could not afford to maintain the war effort much longer.It could be argued that the Soviet aid prolonged the war, and the Nationalists could not win the war while the Soviets were still involved, and so the Nationalists had to wait for the Republicans to weaken before they were able to secure victory. As well as showing the Soviet influence, the events of 1938 also showed the impact of non-intervention had on the war. The horrors of the Great War and the impact of the Great Depression had forced Britain especially into a policy of appeasement they were desperate to avoid European war by any nub possible. Although France were initially in favour of supporting the Republican cause, Leon Blum was forced to follow a policy of non-intervention divisions domestically in French politics, at one point there was concern there would be well-mannered war in France as well.The Non-Intervention committee was also created to try and enforce the idea of non interv ention. Its members included Germany and Italy so the sincerity of this committee has come under question by some historians. The only notable success of this committee was its restriction of Italian fortification shipments to Spain, which considering Italy was on the committee, does not seem too impressive. The policy of non-intervention was a great help to the Nationalists, who keep to receive Italian and German aid, as it simply meant the Republicans did not receive the help they so desperately needed. Another form of international help came in the form of the world(prenominal) Brigades. These were an important propaganda tool and morale boost. It showed the solidarity of those who believed in democracy worldwide, and showed there were people who were willing to fight for this, even in a country in which they did not live. Although a good morale boost, they were not effective in battle and their influence in many of the battles that they were involved in is questionable.The su pport received by the Nationalists from both Germany and Italy was influential not just because of its sheer quantity, but because of both its timing and quality. From the very setoff of the war this was clear, after the quick takeover of the Moroccan colonies by the Nationalists, it was vital that the troops of the Army of Africa made it to the mainland Spain to help the push North. This would not have been possible to do without the help of the German Luftwaffe, who provided air lifts to provide the service of transporting the Army of Africa. Without this Franco would not have been able to capture the town in the South he did with such efficiency. The Condor Legion, 10,000 strong, was sent to Spain to help the Nationalist cause, and they were lethally effective in providing the support needed to the Nationalists. The bombing of Guernica in 1937 showed just how powerful the German influence was, if apply to its full potential it could decimate any Republican stronghold or city in the country.This was not the limit of the air dominance provided by the Germans, although the speeding hand initially went to the Republicans due to the quality of the Soviet planes, the introduction of the ME109s shifted the balance of power in favour of the Nationalists. This air dominance would be key during the final push to Madrid in the final days of the war. The Italian aid must not be underestimated either, they provided 60,000 troops, a monumental amount considering it is a war being fought on foreign soil for a foreign cause. On top of this Mussolini supplied bombers, transports and regularly shipped arms and ammunition to Spain to aid the cause. As the war progressed, the strength of the foreign aid did not diminish, significantly beef up the Nationalists war effort, it could be argued that it would have been difficult to stop the Nationalists with this level of aid.The start of the Civil War had seen members of the the States forced to choose their allegiance, while many senior officers stayed loyal to the republic, the Nationalists were able to win over many of the junior officers. This, as well as Francos plans for a long term war meant that the military tactics of both sides contrasted greatly, where as the Nationalists believed in the a very attack heavy outline, where as the Republicans take the strategy of to resist is to win, taking a much more defensive stand. This made a lot of sense for the Republicans as they were the legitimate ruling power and the belief was that if they could hold on for long enough, the Spanish Civil War word turn into a European war of Ideologies and so the Republicans would be able to hold on to power. Considering the Republican cause only failed mere months before the start of the bet on World War shows that the tactic does not seem so ridiculous, and could have worked if a few things had bygone differently.The root of the problem for the Republicans once again came from their political divisions. The lac k of centralisation means there was no co-ordination in the Republican ranks, which would cause genuine problems while trying to organise a war effort. Those found in Basque would not listen to those in Madrid, who in turn would not listen to those in Barcelona and vice versa. The Republican war effort was initially reliant on the workers militias which had seen them retain both Madrid and Barcelona in the early days of the war. These workers militias were extremely effective for morale, and in the short term they were very successful. However they could not be relied upon in the long term to fight a full scale war. This is where the Popular army, formed in 1937, became important. Formed with a significant amount of help from the Soviets, the Popular Army was the professional fighting force of the Republic. Although it was very unpopular, especially among those in the militias who felt that the comradeship of those in the Republic would be strong enough to carry them through the wa r, the Popular Army was a necessity for the Republic if it stood a portion of surviving.The creation of the Popular Army could not mask the fact that Republican military numbers had go by 25% by 1937, or that many soldiers deeply mistrusted the senior officers who had stayed loyal to the Republic, believing they were merely plotting to overthrow the government from within. This paranoia would just deepen divisions within the Republican cause and just further delay their plans. The republicans should not just be counted out however as their valiant defences of both Madrid and Barcelona proved, they werent just simply going to lie down and hand Spain over to Franco. As discussed earlier, one of the main strengths of the Nationalists was their unity and their willingness to fight under one leader. Franco insisted that if a sustainable ruling power was to come out of the war, the consolidation of power was vital, and so he believed in a long term war strategy. This strategy would, of course, have to be a very offensive one as the Nationalists were the revolutionaries.This involved the capture of any town and village on the way from Seville to Madrid. There was pressure for Franco to simply push on straight to Madrid, especially from the Germans, who were not convinced by the idea of a long term war. Franco did not give into this pressure which was extremely important as it would soon become apparent that the long term war was the only way to win the Spanish Civil War. By securing either town and city on the way to Madrid, it meant that the Republicans would be under serious pressure due to the amount of Nationalist territory environ Madrid. Francos obsession with Madrid slightly prolonged his advance North, as he was desperate to secure the capital. By 1937, Franco had realised he was not yet able to capture the capital, and so he continued North to continue his policy of long term war. By the end of 1937 the Nationalists controlled the Basque country, Astu rias and Santander.The Nationalists now controlled two-thirds of the Spanish universe of discourse and resources. Many of Spains key resources, Coal, Iron and steel, were to be found in the North. This would cripple the already seek Republican war effort. The true effect of the long term war could be seen when the Republicans launched their offensive main offensive of the war, during 1937. An initial success at Brunete in July quickly ground to a halt as the Republicans suffered 25,000 casualties.December 1937 also saw the Republicans take Teriel, but they would quickly lose this in February of 1938. The major reason behind this was because of the consolidation of power that Franco had followed throughout his campaign meant that even if the Republicans started an offensive on a different front, it would not be long before the Nationalists were able to send support to a struggling or captured, such was the extent of the Nationalist dominance of the land. The pivotal moment of the c ampaign for the Nationalists was the capture of Castellon, by which point the Republican zone was split in two and so Barcelona and Madrid were isolated from each other, poorly weakening both cities. This tactic by Franco showed his military prowess and was yet another example of how strong the Nationalists were in this war. There is no question that it was the strengths of the Nationalist tactics that gained them the final victory, and not the comparative weaknesses of the Republican military strategy.In conclusion, it is very difficult to state that it was purely the weaknesses of the Republic that saw the Nationalists win the Spanish Civil War. The passion and drive of the workers militias showed the desire within Spain to keep the country a democracy, while the International Brigades showed the international solidarity of the cause. At the beginning of the War, the Soviet aid was vastly superior to that being supplied by either Germany or Italy, and so in this respect the Repub lic was in fact strong. As well as receiving the superior aid, the Republicans controlled all the major cities of Spain, with the exception of Seville, meaning that they had a strong grasp on manufacture and Communication.However the political divisions of the Republic would ultimately be the cause of its downfall and can be argued to be the root of a majority of the problems that arose for the Republicans. It is these divisions and the eventual rise of the PSE as the dominant force in Spanish politics that was a major factor in the non-intervention of Britain and France, as neither country could be seen to be supporting a Communist regime. Without aid from Britain and France the Republican war effort quickly declined which would lead to the impairment of Soviet aid as well. Although the Nationalist aid was not at first superior, it quickly became so, but this was not the only Nationalist strength.The unity of the Nationalists meant co-ordination was excellent and decisions were m uch easier to make. Although the length of the war could be used as an argument to state that the Nationalists had to wait for the Republicans to become weak before they could secure victory, it had always been the plan of Franco for the war to carry on in such a way. He was aware of the importance of securing every town and village if he wanted complete control of Spain, by doing this Franco was slowly sucking the life out of the Republican cause. So to an extent, it was the weaknesses of the Republic that ensured the Nationalist victory, but it is because of the strengths of the Nationalists that caused the weaknesses, especially in the final years of the war, to become the deciding factor.

The American Life Style and fast food Essay Example for Free

The American Life Style and fast food EssayHow a great deal fast food do you guess you eat a month? The average American chuck abtaboo 50lbs worth, thats more than most children in 3rd world countries eat in aggregate in 3 monthsW gravely you follow everyone else or go away you stray from the beaten path, and dare to be opposite? Dare to be your own person? Or will you crumple from the influences and pressures of society? The truth is no matter how much you tell yourself that you are going to be independent and brace your own choices and decisions heedless of what new(prenominal) people amour, every choice and decision you install are influenced by the people rough you and the experiences you have faced. It is for this reason that accomplishing this task can be very ch solelyenging, however it is possible. And when you eventually figure out who you are and what your values and morals it is believed you have finally lie with of age. A prime good example of this wou ld be in the fiction novel written by Mark Twain, the main character huckabackleberry, in uniform manner referred to as huck runs away from home because the confines of society proved to be too fire for Huck.On the run Huck meets a runaway buckle down named Jim and decides to help Jim escape with him despite the circumstance that he was raised and taught to be believe that slavery was a good thing and it is especially proscribe to help one to escape. It was for this reason that Huck struggles to see the blurred line between accountability and wrong. As Huck and Jim venture down the Mississippi River, Huck is introduced to many new experiences and is forced to make decisions that make him question his very own ideals, however it is those very own experiences and challenges that help him grow as a person and ultimately allows him to disc all over who he truly is as he himself comes of age.One of the many instances Huck is forced to make a difficult decision is when he encounter s 3 murderers looting a ruin he and Jim came across while rangeing down the Mississippi. Huck overheard 2 of the murderers planning on stranding the other one on the wreck and taking his share of the loot, so he says Quick, Jim, aint no duration for fooling around and moaningtheres a gang of murderers in distant, and if we dont hunt up their boat and portion her drifting down the river so these fellows cant bestow away from the wreck, theres one ofem going to be in a bounteous learn. But if we find their boat we can put all ofem in a worst fix (pg.52) Huck originally plans to steal the murderers canoe so that none of them will be able to escape the wreck. so far Huck starts to feel guilty as they start to float away from the wreck Jim manned the oars, and we took out after our raft. Now was the first time that I begun to nark about the men- I reckon I hadnt had time to before.I begun to think how dreadful it was, even off for murderers, to be in such a fix. I says to my self, there aint no rotund but I might come to be a murderer myself, yet, and whence how would I like it.(pg.54) ,this is a important change in Huck because all his life he had lossed to be in a gang and kill people, but now that he matt-up he would be responsible for the murderers deaths he realized he was misguided and cannot handle the quilt if committing such an act. Finally Huck gives into his guilt and decides he could not live with himself if he left them there to collapse so he told Jim At first light we will land and Ill go fix up some kind of yarn and check somebody to go fetch that gang and let them out of their scrape.(pg.55) Huck realizes that what they have done is wrong but if he had left them there he would be no pause than they were. Huck learns something about himself on that wreck he learns that the life he once wanted was not the life he was cut out for.Hucks deal between his conscience and society greatens when he encounters a group of slave hunters. Hu ck feels guilty for dowry Jim escape and starts to regret it, so Huck thinks things over in is head Jim said it made him over trembly and feverish to be so close to freedom, well I can tell you it made me all trembly and feverish too, to hear that he was most free- and to blame for it? Why me I couldnt get that imagination out of my conscience no how nor no way(pg.66). It becomes obvious that Huck is torn between doing what is considered just and handing Jim in or what a leave of him feels would be right and protect him. This conflict keeps ingest away at Huck until he cannot take any more of it when he says my conscience got to inhalation me up hotter than ever(pg.67) just the pressure of society finally get to Huck until at dwell I say to it let up on me- it aint toolate ill paddle ashore at first light, and tell. I felt easy, and happy and light as a feather right off all my troubles was gone.Huck convinces himself that turning in Jim is right thing to do. However as h e approaches the slave hunters Huck realize he cannot do it. Whats that yonder? the slave hunters asked Huck. Well theres five niggers run off tonight, up yonder supra the head of that bend. Is your man egg white or black?(pg.68). Huck makes the conscious decision to lie to the slave hunters although it is not clear why I didnt answer up prompt I well-tried to, but the words wouldnt come. I tried for a second or two, to brace up and out with it, but I warnt man- enough hadnt the spunk of a rabbit. I see I was weakening so I just give up trying, and up and says- Hes white(pg.68).Huck lies to protect Jim. Maybe he does this because he feels sympathetic for Jim and his family, or maybe Huck finally remembers that Jim has looked out for him and cared for him during their whole move around and realizes Jim is his only true friend, or it could be as simple as the fact that he made a promise to Jim not to betray him and Huck does not want to brake that promise. Whatever the reason this is a huge step for Huck when he decides not to turn Jim into the slave hunters and really allows him to slowly start to break loose from society and form his own morals.However despite Hucks former breakthrough, Huck struggles to make peace with his conscience and the pressures of society get to him once again. To help ease himself Huck tries convince himself that it would just be for Jim if he was a slave. formerly I said to myself it would be better for Jim to be a slave at home where his family was as long as he got to be a slave and so Id better keep open a letter to turkey cock Sawyer and tell him to tell Miss Watson where he was(pg.160) eventide though Huck is concerned that Jim might be punished for running away he take over decides to write a letter hoping it will clear his conscience. Then Huck starts to think about what hes done and what consequences he will face for his actions, everybody naturally despises an ungrateful nigger and theyd make Jim feel it all the time and so hed feel ornery and discouraged and then think of me It would get all around that Huck Finn helped a nigger get his freedom and if I was to ever see anybody from that town again id be ready to get down and lick his for ruth(pg.160), here starts to regret helping Jim escape and begins to worryabout what people will think of him when he returns home and hopes that he will be accepted into society again.With the hope that it will right the wrongs that he has done Huck decides to go on and write the letter here I would do the right thing and the clean thing, and go and write to that niggers owner and tell where he was. Ill go and write the letter then see if I can pray, why it was astonishing the way I felt as light as a feather right straight off and my troubles all gone, so I got a piece of paper and a pencil all glad and excited and set down and wrote. I felt all good and all washes clean of sin for the first time I had ever felt so in my life(pg.161) This feeling of cleanli ness helps assure Huck that he has done the right thing in the views of society. However Hucks feeling of decency soon dissipates, I happened to look around and see that paper, it was in a close place I took it in my hand, I was trembling because I got to forever betwixt two things, and I knowed it, I studied it a subtile sort of holding my breath and then says to myself Alright then Ill go to Hell and tear it up(pg.161) Huck finally decides he cannot bring himself to betray his only conscience and that hed quite an go to hell then do so.This is the point in Hucks journey where he truly becomes his own person, where he breaks from the confines of society and decides to do what he in his sum of money feels is right not what other people think is right. This is an important decision for Huck and a crucial point in Hucks life because growing up he was taught that slavery was a good thing and that African Americans were nothing but property as most boys were taught during that time period. However Huck discovers after meeting Jim that there is so much more to them, that they are a kind, and condole with and sophisticated and loving people and that in turn helps Huck discover a little more about himself as well when he decides not to turn Jim in even though anyone else would have.Hucks battles between his conscience and society force him to choose between being a part of society and becoming his own person, and while on his journey down the Mississippi with Jim he decides to be his own person and choose his own morals and values and by the end of his adventure he finally came of age with each experience along the way helping him grow as a person, whether it be confining the beginning of the journey where he encounters a gang of murderers on a ruin and instead of leaving them there to die he decides to send help for them, or it be near half way through his journey where he comesacross a group of slave hunters and rather than turn Jim in, he lies to protect hi m even though the right thing to do wouldve been to turn him in. Or even near the end where he almost breaks his promise and betrays Jim when he writes a letter to Tom Sawyer telling him where Jim is, but instead of sending the letter he tears it up and decides to bring to an end helping Jim escape even if it means hell go to hell. All of these events are important in helping Huck create his own sense of right and wrong and in many ways, come of age.

American Psychiatric Association Essay Example for Free

American psychiatric Association EssayThe dynamics of the baby who kills likely differ depending on the type of killing. On one hand we might expect the typical youngster involved in a family killing to take on antisocial traits and a history of gang involvement or wanna-be gang behavior. On the other hand the child who kills a mother or father is much likely to befuddle had a history of serious physical or sexual ab character.A girl who kills her infant, if not in a post dampum depressed or psychotic state, is likely to have hidden the pregnancy from others and to have very poor coping skills often she has completely denied the pregnancy to herself and others. Now we are learning astir(predicate) the dynamics of children who kill at school many are said to be sociall(a)y isolated, alienated, and the objects of intimidation by others. Research savours of children who kill are often small and are attempts of convenience for example, a sample might be all the convicted c hildren being held in a particular facility.Nevertheless, there may be some data to be gleaned from these studies even though the findings may not be entirely generalizable. Ewing (1990) notes that around children who kill are evaluated by mental health experts, because homicide by a young person is just about automatically thought of as the result of mental disturbance. Most are not found to be psychotic, and many seem to receive diagnoses of relatively mild turnovers. Also nigh are not intellectually limited, but a disproportionate number have learning disorders.Cornell, Benedek, and Benedek (1987) studied seventy-two children charged with homicide and classify them into three groups adolescents who manifested overt psychotic symptoms at the time of the offense, adolescents who killed in the course of another criminal bodily process such as robbery or rape, and adolescents involved in an interpersonal conflict or fight with the victim. Corder, Ball, and Haizlip (1976) compa red adolescents who had committed parricide to those who had killed another relative or a close acquaintance and to those who had killed a stranger.They found that all could be characterized as having backgrounds of serious family maladjustment (defined as marital conflict, child abuse, and parent substance abuse or other criminal activity), but those who killed parents were less likely to have a history of poor itch control and aggressive behavior and more likely to be overly attached to their mother. The small sample size (ten children in each group), however, limits the generalizability of this study. A portion of children who kill appear to have abnormal star functioning.In more clinical terms, they have neurological impairment (Lewis, Shanok, Grant, Ritvo, 1983). This comes from a variety of causes, including exposure to drugs in utero, head injuries from puerility accidents, high fevers, other medical conditions, and child abuse. Lewis et al. (1988) conducted extensive neur ological evaluations on cardinal death row juveniles convicted of murder and found that every one had a history of symptoms consistent with header damage. Lewis, Shanok, Grant, and Ritvo (1983) also studied ninety-seven incarcerated juvenile delinquents.They compared more violent offenders to less violent, using a orbiculate rating scale, and found that the more violent delinquents were more paranoid, more loose and illogical in their speech, and more likely to have neurological dysfunction. They were also more likely to have witnessed extreme force-out. One of the most common findings in the histories of children who kill parents is child abuse. In some studies this is defined as witnessing domestic effect (Ewing, 1990), but more commonly the child has been a victim of abuse, often brutal in spirit (Ewing, 1990 Mones, 2001).McCloskey and Walker (2000), in a large sample of children from violent households, found a high incidence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Thirty -eight percent of the abused children met criteria for PTSD, and all of those who were abusedand also saw their mothers abused met criteria for PTSD. This disorder presents with a range of serious symptoms, including flashbacks and hypervigilance to danger. Sometimes children kill to protect their battered mother often this is afterwards years of severe violence and the mothers increasing debilitation.More typically, the child kills to escape what is a physically and psychologically intolerable situation. Meaning the abused child finds him/herself locked in a highly conflictual, dependent relationship that he or she could no longer sustain or give up, making homicide a solution to intensive conflict. Children and adolescents who kill are often misdiagnosed as having antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). Many have a history prior to the homicide of antisocial conduct, substance abuse, truancy, running out-of-door, and problems getting along with others.Truancy and running away f rom home were especially likely to be found in children who eventually killed one of their parents (Ewing, 1990). Some evaluators use the act of homicide itself to support a diagnosis of ASPD, but this results from faulty logic and a lack of acquaintance of the diagnostic criteria for the disorder. It is important to note, also, that in addition to meeting these criteria the patient must have a childhood history of conduct disorder for a diagnosis of ASPD and that the DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association, 2004) is quite specific that ASPD not be diagnosed in adolescence.In general, the strongest predictors of school violence are neighborhood conditions such as poverty, population turnover, and plague rates, and the greatest risk factor for killing a parent is a history of severe, inescapable child abuse (Mones, 2001). With these caveats, hoard data from clinical and research studies suggest the following as warning signs of homicidal violence Exposure to violence, either in t he home or in the community. Although exposure to television violence is not commonly cited, it is a factor in a number of homicides, and preoccupation with violent mental imagery is a particular warning sign.A lack of success with the normal tasks of adolescence for example, failing in school, having no extracurricular involvement. Social rejection and poor social supports. Alienation and lack of empathy develop in large part from social deprivation. Many school shooters have been described as loners. These youngsters have intense feelings of being alone, and the absence of social support also reduces their general ability to cope with the ups and downs of adolescent life. Intense anger that has accumulated from past painful events, usually surrounding relationships (rejection, failure, or other narcissistic wounds). An inability to express or resolve intense feelings in adaptive ways, and a proclivity for externalizing defenses, or acting out.ReferencesAmerican Psychiatric Ass ociation. (2004). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (7th ed. ). Washington, DC Author. Corder, B. F. , Ball, B. C. , Haizlip, T. M. (1976). Adolescent parricide A comparison with other adolescent murder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 133, 957961. Cornell, D. G. (1989). Causes of juvenile homicide A review of the literature. In E. P. Benedek (Ed. ), Juvenile homicide (pp. 336). Washington, DC American Psychiatric Press.

The witches are the most unsettling example Essay Example for Free

The witches be the most unsettling example EssayTo the most extent I do not agree that the witches are the most unsettling example of the supernatural in Macbeth. There are other factors within the play much(prenominal) as the ambition of Macbeth and the wickedness of Lady Macbeth that cast an eerie and shocking atmosphere all over the play. The undercoat I believe this to be the case because as part of a modern society, we have a lot more psychological horrors, and both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth are considered to be insane. Whereas witches are seen more as a fantasy for us compared to the Jacobean period, where they were considered real.It is evident from the beginning that Macbeths fatal flaw is ambition. When the witches herald him that he is going to be king, his mind immediately begins to ponder on the possibilities of killing Duncan, My thought, whose murder heretofore is but fantastical, shakes so my single state of man His ambition is unsettling because it sets of the sequence of events throughout the play that turn over to his downfall. Clearly Lady Macbeth is the driving force behind Macbeths ambition, because she forces him to overcome his guilt by insulting him, And live a coward in thine own esteem, letting I dare not wait upon I would, Like the poor cat Ithadage? However once his ambition takes over him, it spirals out of control, leading to more murders to cover up all his wrongdoings, and leads him to being tormented by apparitions and guilt. In the end he doesnt get the chance to enjoy the fruits of his labour and is beheaded by McDuff. A modern audience would view Macbeths actions as maniacal and ridiculous, because he became too obsessed with the nous of becoming King, that it lead to the murder of many people this ended up being futile because he died in vain anyways. It shows that only some aspects of society have changed since the Jacobean period, rather than society as a whole.However, a Jacobean audience would have found Ma cbeths actions more deplorable. A Jacobean audience at the time would frown upon Lady Macbeths behaviour in convincing her married man to commit murder, and use the graphic images that she does. Have plucked my nipple from his boneless gums and dashed the brains out, had I so sworn as you have done to this This would have especially shocked Jacobean women, because there were genuine morals and taboos that they followed. Women of that period were supposed to be pious, follow religion strongly, be against violence, and had to follow demands made by men.Lady Macbeth goes against all of these morals, but commits the taboos. She wouldve also been seen as malevolent because she gives suggestions that are intended to cause disability to others. Come, you spirits that tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here and fill me from the crown to the toe topfull of direst rigourousness However, women in todays society would find Lady Macbeths behaviour less impress than woman of the Jacobean perio d because females have become largely independent today compared to the restrictions that were placed upon them in earlier times.

Pakistan Steel Mills Essay Example for Free

Pakistan brand grinds experimentTopic Privatization of Pakistan brand Mills Subject Pakistan Economic Policy Submitted By M. Faizan Sohail (7133) Faculty Shahid Iqbal Date of conformation 12th August 2010 Pakistan vane Mills Introduction Pakistan Steel Mills is the producer of long turn over poise products in Karachi, Pakistan. The Pakistan Steel Mill is the countrys largest industrial undertaking having a production capacity of 1. 1 million tons of stain. The enormous dimensions of the find can be visualized from the crook inputs which involved the riding habit of 1. 9 million cubic meters of concrete, 5. 70 million cubic meters of earth work (second to Tarbela Dam), 330,000 ton of machinery, steel structures and electrical equipment. Its unloading and conveyor system at Port Qasim is the third largest in the cosmea and its industrial water reservoir with a capacity of 110 million g in allons per day is the largest in Asia. A 2. 5 km long sea water channel connects the sea water circulation system to the plant life site with a consumption of 216 million gallons of sea water per day.Soviet Contribution to Steel Mill In January 1971 Pakistan and the USSR signed an apprehension under which the latter agreed to provide techno-financial assistance for the construction of a coastal-based merged steel mill at Karachi. The huge construction and erection work of an integrated steel mill, never experienced before in the country, was carried out by a consortium of Pakistani construction companies under the overall supervision of Soviet experts. Corporate Business and Net worthPakistan Steel non only had to construct the main production units, but also a host of infrastructure facilities involving unprecedented volumes of work and expertise. Component units of the steel mills numbering over twenty, and each a big sufficient factory in its own right, were commissioned as they were completed between 1981 to 1985, with the Coke Oven and Byproduct bri ng coming on stream first and the Galvanizing Unit last. Commissioning of Blast Furnace No. on 14 August, 1981 marked Pakistans entry into the elite club of iron and steel producing nations. The pop the question was completed at a capital cost of Rs. 24,700 million. The completion of the steel mill was formally launched by the then-President of Pakistan on 15 January, 1985. Pakistan Steel today is the countrys largest industrial undertaking, having a production capacity of 1. 1 million tons of steel. Founders of Pakistan calm down Mills The real founders of Pakistan Steel Mills are Prof.Dr. Niaz Muhammad, Wahab Siddiqui and Russian scientist Mikhail Koltokof. It was the hard work of Dr. Niaz Muhammad that thousands of scientists and technical lag got trained by him. His inspirations and innovations got him the highest award from President of Pakistan, and also from Government of Russia. The Government of Pakistan has given him Pride of Performance. His nominating address for Nobe l Prize was biggest respect what Pakistan achieved. Social obligationsPakistan Steel Mills, besides its core activities, has done a lot in making the environment in and around Pakistan Steel green and beautiful through the addition of third unique projects the Quaid-I-Azam Park, The Quaid-I-Azam Cricket Park and the Quaid-I-Azam Beach. The Quaid-I-Azam Park, which spreads out over an area of 45acre, consists of a series of six incorporated lakes, lush green lawns and grassy terraces, colorful flower beds, fountains, life- size steel-made models of wild and marine animals, a ramble on track, a bird sanctuary and mini-zoo, as well as a childrens play and recreational nation and boating facilities.The opposite unique project, known as the Quaid-I-Azam Cricket Park, has been open up amidst the pleasing surroundings of Steel Town, featuring sloping grassy terraces all around for spectators and four diagonally-located hillocks with seating arrangements to provide a panoramic thinkin g of the game. This is spread over an area of 32000 sq. meters and is equipped with all the necessary facilities, conforming to international standards. The third project, Quaid-I-Azam Beach, is organism developed with the aim to provide a seaside recreational spot to the employees of Pakistan Steel, especially those residing at Steel Town and Gulshan-e-Hadeed.Pakistan Steel is also on its way to establish Quaid-I-Azam National Park over a vast area of 400acre adjacent to Steel Town which shall be a tremendous contribution in the development of the environment. The organization also has a football team Pakistan Steel FC that currently competes in the Pakistan prime minister League. History Privatization of Pakistan Steel Mills After independence in 1947, it did non take long for Pakistan to sleep with to the realization that progressive industrial and economical development would be impossible without the possession of a self reliant iron and steel making plant.The dependence o n imports would cause serious setbacks to the country on with an extortionately high import bill which would be impossible to support. In 1968, the Government of Pakistan decided that the Karachi Steel Project should be sponsored in the public sector, for which a separate Corporation, under the Companies Act, be formed. In prosecution of this decision, Pakistan Steel Mills Corporation Limited was incorporated as a private limited caller-up to establish and run steel mills at Karachi.Pakistan Steel Mills Corporation concluded an agreement with V/o Tyaz Promexport of the USSR in January, 1969 for the preparation of a feasibility report for the establishment of a coastal-based integrated steel mill at Karachi. Bhuttohad signed a contract with the former USSR to help build the project. The project was estimatedto cost Rs 10 meg but was completed at a cost of Rs 30 billion and took ten years to finish. The foundation stone of this vital and gigantic project was laid on 30 December, 19 73 by the Prime Minister of Pakistan Zulfikar Ali Bhutto.The completion of the steel mill was formally launched by the then-President of Pakistan on 15 January, 1985. The steel mill project provided 20,000 jobs for workers from all over Pakistan. Unfortunately, from the very beginning plotting were launched by the bureaucracy once against the workers in order to destroy their moral and ruin their potential. A propaganda campaign was started in the media to give the im imploreion that the project was a burden on the national economy and that it was a white elephant.This campaign gradually became noisierandthe topic that there were 8000 surplus workers who were a burden and needed to be gotten rid of was widely propagated. However, the bureaucracy and the press found it impossible to attack the workers due to the political strength and unity of the militant trade unions. With its propaganda having failed and its aims in ruins, the bureaucracy resorted to the traditional and criminal tactics of the ruling class the tactic of divide and manage.In 1986 Zia-ul-haq dictatorshipbegan a series of brutal political assaults in Pakistan. The ruling class succeeded in generating racialconflicts among workers, whichnot only divided the workers but also weakened the labor movement. This tactic of divide and rule also affected Pakistan Steel. In 1988 the trade unions were divided on racial grounds which resulted in bloody(a) hatred and endedthe traditional revolutionary unity of the unions. The labour movement was constantly harassed and its leadership degenerated and became demoralized.In 1992 Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif name a General, Sabeeh Qamar-uz-zaman, as chairman of Pakistan Steel. He was given the labour of improving the situation and normalizing the works conditions. He imposed an undeclared ban on the trade unions at Pakistan Steel. Terror and the harassmentof the unions wereenforced in the name of discipline. Aninternal security intelligenceunit, theFIU, was also established and was headed by an army colonel. This notoriousintelligence unit discovered that 1500 workers were a security risk.These workers were punished and removed from their jobs. In 1995 Benazir Bhutto, in her second term in office, reinstated most of these workers. However not all of them were reinstated. During his second tenure in 1997, Nawaz Sharifintroducedmany reactionary anti-labour laws. The ex-chief of the FIU, Colonel Afzal, a batch mate of General Musharraf, was appointed as managing director of Pakistan Steel. This gentleman was twice suspended on corruption charges from his previous post as chief of the FIU, yet somehow he still merited the promotion to chairman.After Musharraf overthrew Nawaz Sharif in 1999, he introduced his Seven Point Agenda to the nation. Not surprisingly his top priority was the introduction of the brutal policies of rightsizing and downsizing, which in practice meant maximizingunemployment. These policieswere sweetened with anoth er Black Law the Industrial Relations Ordinance 2000. In June 2000 the chairman of Pakistan Steel announced the immediate dismissal of 436 workers. The workers were informed in their dismissal orders that their services were no longer required.This was just the beginning however, and a in the altogether policy was enforced where workers were requested to enjoy the benefits of the VRP (Volunteer solitude Policy). All of these laws and policies were exercised in the worst manner in Pakistan Steel it became a model and an example to strong country, and to all workers and trade unions. 8500 jobs were ruthlessly cut by these barbaric policies. These sackings affected the workers deeply, and led to a vary in consciousness. On December 31, 2001 the workers of Pakistan Steel organized a general strike against the anti-labor policies of the chairman and the government.The workers jam all roads and access to the mill. On February 7, 2003 the workers again organized a strike. The authorit ies attempted to snap off the strike by using the tactics of delay. But this only served to provoke the workers, and on March 8, 2003 the workers again blocked the roads. This time they also occupied the mill. This action paralyzed the authorities but unfortunately the oppose was lost because the workers were betrayed at the negotiating table by the trade union leadership.It was apparent thatthis struggle could have galvanized the working class nationallyand that it could have found a mass basis. However, in the end it was drowned in midget compromises and conciliations. On December 30, 2003 Chairman Afzal was suddenly dismissed and again a General, Abdul Qayum was appointed as the newchairman. He immediate gave the impression to the workers that the situation would be totally reversed and that the workers would not have to concern anymore suspensions or dismissals. He also announced an extension plan for Pakistan Steel that would constrain more jobs.However, just before initia ting the extension plan, it was announced that Pakistan Steel would be privatised rather than proceed with the extension. This was a clear declaration of a severe attack on the rights of the workers. This was a clear attackon their jobs and their working conditions. This declaration provoked 12,500 workers who are drawing the conclusion that they need to fight back. The government was not as lucky in the case of Pakistan Steel Mills as it had been with regard to certain other privatization deals.

Lifestyle and Sustainability Essay Example for Free

Lifestyle and Sustainability EssayLifestyle and Sustainability argon ii different concepts combined together to describe how people should go nowadays. With the matters desire the advancement of modern technology, milieual degradation, and pollution, we now consider the best ways to live our lives without jeopardizing our environment and the future generations. Now, were takeed non only about living in comfort and ease, but also about the sustainability of the world we live in, of our environment and our resources. Lifestyle is defined as a way of life, the manner by which a soulfulness lives. It involves various behaviors and practices regarding ones social relations, consumption, entertainment, and fashion. These behaviors and practices are composed of various habits, conventional modes of action, and reasoned actions. just put, lifestyle is ones style of living it is very personal and depends on the person who lives it. In relation to lifestyle, we come across the conc ept of sustainability, which literally intend to sustain or the ability to throw away certain processes or state. Nowadays, sustainability is often connected to how we human beings live.Concerns about the environment, pollution, and shortage of resources have driven us to apply sustainability in every aspect of our lives (Sustainability Reporting Program, 2004). We think of sustainable ways to build our homes, mapping our natural resources, dress up, and grow our food. Somehow, we have connected sustainability with how we live, and it is now considered as a lifestyle. 1 chief(prenominal) aspect of a sustainable lifestyle is food consumption, and in relation to that, we come across the concern of sustainable means of growing our foods.An important issue is brought up when we talk about sustainable means of growing food, and that is the pulmonary tuberculosis of pesticides. We are all familiar about pesticides, becaexercising it is the conventional means of eradicating the pest s in our homes, properties, plants and crops. However, the use of certain pesticides is deemed as un-sustainable because of the health risks they carry with them (EurActiv, 2008). It can also affect early(a) organisms in the environment aside from the pests that they turn thumbs down.To better understand pesticides, we need to know more about them, including the history, benefits, types, and other aspects as well. Pesticides have been employ several thousand years ago, being utilized by humans to protect their crops and plants from pests (Medline Plus, 2009). One of the first known pesticides used was sulfur dusting in Sumeria. In later centuries, mad used poisonous chemics like arsenic, mercury and lead to kill pests. Natural pesticides were also used, like nicotine sulfate extracts from tobacco leaves, genus Pyrethrum from chrysanthemums, and rotenone from the roots of tropical vegetables.These pesticides benefited man in several ways. The first, and possibly the most common reason for pesticide use are for the protection of crops. Pesticides contain potent chemical ingredients which kill or deter insects and other pests that imbibe and destroy mans crops. Another application of pesticides is disease control, regulating or controlling the organisms which are considered harmful to health. A good example is the use of pesticides to kill mosquitoes which are known carriers of deadly diseases like dengue fever, west Nile virus, and malaria.Insecticides are also used in killing parasites like fleas and ticks in big animals like horses and cattle. It is also used to kill termites that can cause structural damage to our homes and dwellings. Overall, pesticides are used in variety of ways, all for the benefit of humans. We can classify pesticides into two major types, chemical or synthetically prepared pesticide, and biological or biochemical pesticide. We are more familiar with chemical pesticides because theyre the conventional pesticides. These are made fr om various chemical components, like the ones mentioned earlier.This type of pesticide is easier to produce because of the abundance of their chemical components, and is more potent and is more effective when it comes to killing the pests. The downside of this type however, is that it has harmful implications to the environment and to human health. The other type of pesticide is the biological or biochemical pesticide. This type is produced from plant extracts which can deter or kill insects. The biological pesticides use the natural enemies of certain plant pests. Other insects and spiders are used because they prey on these pests, regulating their population naturally.References EurActiv. (2008). Pesticides Tough negotiations ahead as MEPs back bans Retrieved April 14, 2009, from http//www. euractiv. com/en/sustainability/pesticides-tough-negotiations-ahead-meps-back-bans/article-176936 Medline Plus. (2009). Pesticides Retrieved April 4, 2009, from http//www. nlm. nih. gov/medline plus/pesticides. hypertext mark-up language Sustainability Reporting Program. (2004). Pollutants, Sustainability, Health, and Environment. Retrieved April 14, 2009, from http//www. sustreport. org/issues/health_env_pollut. html

Immanuel Kant Metaphysics of Morals Essay Example for Free

Immanuel Kant Metaphysics of honests EssayKant argued that deterrent example requirements ar based on a standard of reasonableity he dubbed the Categorical Imperative (CI). Immorality thus involves a irreverence of the CI and is thereby irrational. This argument was based on his striking doctrine that a rational ordain must be regarded as autonomous, or free in the sense of being the author of the legality that binds it. The original principle of morality ? the CI ? is n iodine other than this impartiality of an autonomous leave alone.Thus, at the affectionateness of Kants moral philosophy is a conception of reason whose reach in pr minuteical affairs goes head beyond that of a Humean ?slave to the passions. Moreover, it is the presence of this self-governing reason in each person that Kant concept offered decisive grounds for viewing each as possessed of compeer charge and deserving of equal respect.In Kants terms, a good will is a will whose decisions argon wh olly determined by moral demands or as he refers to this, by the Moral Law Kants analysis of commonsense ideas begins with the belief that the only thing good without qualification is a ? good will. While the phrases ? hes good hearted, ? shes good natured and ? she sum headspring are common, ?the good will as Kant thinks of it is not the same as any of these run-of-the-mine notions. The idea of a good will is closer to the idea of a ? good person, or, more archaic solelyy, a ? person of good will The basic idea is that what makes a good person good is his obstinance of a will that is in a certain way ? determined by, or makes its decisions on the flat coat of, the moral law The idea of a good will is supposed to be the idea of one who only makes decisions that she holds to be morally worthy, taking moral admitations in themselves to be conclusive reasons for guiding her behavior.This crystalize of disposition or character is nighthing we all highly value. Kant believes we value it without limitation or qualification. First, unlike anything else, there is no conceivable circumstance in which we regard our own moral goodness as worth forfeiting simply in order to obtain some desirable object Second, as a consequence, possessing and maintaining ones moral goodness is the very condition under which anything else is worth having or pursuing.Intelligence and even pleasure are worth having only on the condition that they do not require giving up a commitment to honor ones fundamental moral convictions In Kants terms, a good will is a will whose decisions are wholly determined by moral demands or as he refers to this, by the Moral Law A holy ordivine will, if it exists, though good, would not be good because it is motivated by thoughts of duty. argues that a dutiful action from any of these motives, however praiseworthy it may be, does not express a good will and other outcomes of lawful behavior.Indeed, we respect these laws to the degree, but only to the d egree, that they do not violate values, laws or principles we hold more dear. Yet Kant thinks in acting from duty that we are not at all motivated by a prospective outcome or some other extrinsic accept of our conduct. We are motivated by the mere conformity of our will to law as such Kant holds that the fundamental principle at the basis of all of our moral duties is a categoricalimperative.It is an imperative because it is a command (e. g. , parting the gun. Take the cannoli.) More precisely, it commands us to exercise our wills in a particular way, not to perform some action or other. It is categorical in virtue of applying to us unconditionally, or simply because we possesses rational wills, without prolongation to any ends that we might or might not have. It does not, in other words, apply to us on the condition that we have antecedently adopted some goal for ourselves. Kants first formulation of the CI states that you are to act only in accordance with that maxim through whi ch you can at the same term will that it become a universal law. First, formulate a maxim that enshrines your reason for acting as you propose. Second, recast that maxim as a universal law of nature governing all rational agents, and so as holding that all must, by natural law, act as you yourself propose to act in these circumstances. Third, consider whether your maxim is even conceivable in a world governed by this law of nature. If it is, then, fourth, ask yourself whether you would, or could, rationally will to act on your maxim in such a world. If you could, then your action is morally permissible.Kant held that ordinary moral thought recognized moral duties toward ourselves as well as toward others. Hence, together with the distinction between finished and imperfect duties, we recognize four categories of duties perfect duties toward ourselves, perfect duties toward others, imperfect duties toward ourselves and imperfect duties toward others Kants example of a perfect duty t o others concerns a promise you might consider making but have no intention of keeping in order to get mandatory money At the heart of Kants moral theory is the position that rational human wills are.